I. Early history
A. The treatment of mental illness was based upon the belief that it was caused by __________
B. __________ used the scientific approach to diagnose mental illness
C. The church provided help for the __________
D. The needy in __________received help from the government and the mentally impaired were categorized
E. Institutions, such as hospitals and insane asylums, housed and treated those in need during the __________
F. The Elizabethan Poor Laws described the services available
1. Began the __________
2. Formally involved the __________ in human service delivery
3. Identified three groups of __________
II. Human services in the United States
A. Colonial America
1. Four principles were used to define relief
a. Relief is a __________responsibility
b. Relief is based upon legal __________
c. __________have responsibility
d. There is special care for __________
2. __________ were established in the colonies as an initial way to meet human needs
III. The 19th century: A time of change
A. Social philosophies
1. An emphasis on __________, laissez faire economics, and Social Darwinism promoted a limit on human services
2. __________sector became instrumental in meeting human needs
B. Probation
1. The concept of “friendly supervision” was an early form of __________.
2. The __________was the most well-known organization providing assistance to ex-convicts
C. Mental Illness
1. __________campaigned to improve the treatment of the mentally ill and developmentally disabled in jails and almshouses
2. By the late 19th century, treatments and facilities were improved and included the provision of __________ and outpatient services
D. Child welfare
1. Children were one of the largest groups of the __________and needy
2. Pensions, __________, and compulsory school attendance were implemented
E. Reform movements
1. The __________ ________________was developed to eliminate fraud and inefficiency in the provision of services
2. The ___________________movement served immigrant populations in large cities
IV. Early 20th century: New directions
A. The mental health movement
1. __________began his reform efforts
2. Services for the __________expanded
B. Increased __________ involvement
1. ____________________created an economic situation that increased the number of individuals who needed help
2. The Social Security Act of__________was the cornerstone of the reform of this era
a. provided ____________________, social insurance, and health and welfare services
b. marked the __________ of the welfare state
c. government guaranteed protection from__________instability
V. Mid 20th century: Expanding the social welfare system
A. Legislation
1. Passage of the National Mental Health Act of 1946 created the ____________________
2. Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health proposed a national __________ and a new type of mental health work
B. Serving those in Need
1. __________ and Johnson administrations continued commitment to mental health and treatment of mental illness
2. The ______________________________established mental health centers throughout the U.S.
3. Scheuer Subprofessional Career Act of 1966 developed programs to train poor people and minorities to work with __________
C. The Human Service Movement
1. Training programs established in 1960 to prepare human service workers for ____________________
2. ____________________ moved mentally ill patients from hospitals to community-based treatment programs
3. Professional human service organizations for human service_________ are founded
VI. Late 20th century: Revising the social welfare system
A. Presidential Leadership
1. _______________administration marked a decline in federal spending and a different way of managing human service programs
2. Gerald Ford’s administration continued the reduction of ___________ involvement in human services
3. Jimmy Carter created the Department of Health and Human Services and established the ______________________________
B. Dismantling the Welfare System
1. Voters elected to governmental positions individuals who reduced the ________________ and decreased involvement in human services
a. Fewer new programs
b. __________ in existing programs
c. Overworked human service professionals
d. Needs of people did not ____________
2. Shift in provision of human services occurs
a. Number of __________ and private agencies in human services increases
b. Housing, prisons, and other human services contracted to __________ sector
VII. Welfare reform
A. Policies and Procedures
1. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act replaced __________
2. Welfare reform included key components: state control, time units, ______________, and penalties
B. The Faces of Welfare-to-Work
1. Recipient experiences with __________ _____include job patterns of those who exit welfare and those who receive welfare
2. Short-termers and __________use welfare services to meet specific needs
C. Evaluation of welfare reform
1. Reduction of number of families on the welfare rolls and research on child health and well-being are evidence welfare to work programs are __________
2. The number of women and children living below the __________ line are evidence welfare reform is not working
3. Challenges that remain include maintaining employment, moving into higher paying jobs, and __________ jobs
D. Strategies that work
1. Case __________ services help clients find jobs
2. __________ education and training is effective in finding work and remaining in the workforce
3. Promoting the use of Earned Tax Income Credits helps many welfare families __________ their income