Erikson:

Basic trust versus mistrust:

·         First 18 months

·         If infants don’t get needs met at this stage they will have difficulty trusting others

·         If needs are met, they grow up to trust

·         Oral sensory stage

·         Basic strengths: Drive and hope

Autonomy versus shame and doubt:

·         Try new things

·         Children walk, ask why?, touch everything

·         18 months to three years

·         Basic Strengths: Self-control, courage and will

·         Problems with stage – reluctant to try new things

·         Don’t have confidence

Initiative versus Guilt:

·         Three to five years of age

·         “I can do it myself”

·         Begin to have a sense of right and wrong

·         Problems: Don’t take risks or meet new challenges

·         Basic Strength:  Sense of purpose

Industry versus inferiority:

·         Ages six to twelve

·         Learn skills/to work

·         Talk back/develop strong personality/become very individual

·         Latency stage

·         Work ethic

·         Problems: Fears of inadequacy

·         Strength: method and competence

Identity versus role confusion:

·         Ages Twelve to Eighteen

·         Develop sense of who you are and your strengths and purpose

·         Rebellion

·         Turn to peers for support and guidance

·         “all parents are stupid”

·         Independence – building on a foundation

·         Problems: Follower, no clear sense of self

·         Strengths: Devotion and Fidelity

·         Relationships: Peers

Intimacy versus isolation:

·         Ages Eighteen to thirty-five

·         Intimate relationships

·         Compatibility

·         Finding similar people/who you get along with

·         True trust

·         Start to let go of older relationships

·         Problems: Isolation

·         Strengths: Affiliation and love (not necessarily romantic)

·         Significant relationships: partners and friends

Generativity versus Stagnation:

·         Thirty-five to sixty or sixty-five

·         Does life have meaning?

·         Parenting kids and parents

·         Midlife crisis/ new career stage

·         Significant relationships involve workplace, family, community

·         Problems:  Loss of purpose, self-absorbed, stagnate

·         Strengths: Production and Care

Ego integrity versus Despair:

·         Age sixty to death

·         Acceptance

·         Review life/renew purpose

·         See death as part of life

·         Problems:  Denial, loss of functionality, despair/desperation/ feeling like life was wasted/depression

·         Strengths: Wisdom

·         Significant relationship:  all of mankind – with the world