From: Study Guide for Hardman, Drew, and Egan’s Human Exceptionality, Society, School, and Family, Seventh Edition prepared by Keith W. Allred, Nevada Department of Education
Chapter Thirteen
1. Open and closed head injuries may cause impairments in
a. cognition, language, and memory
b. attention, reasoning, and abstract thinking
c. sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities
d. all of the above
2. In order to receive special education services, the child or youth with head trauma must have an injury that
a. is life-threatening
b. seriously impairs their ability to relate to others
c. profoundly impacts their physical functioning
d. significantly influences their educational performance
3. Acquired brain injury (ABI) is a relatively new term. It refers to injuries derived from
a. strokes and other vascular accidents
b. infectious diseases
c. hangings or near drownings
d. all of the above
4. The problems of TBI or ABI are evident primarily in four, overlapping areas
5. “High demand” instructional settings or anxiety producing social situations
6. For many individuals, TBI or ABI produce
7. For small children, the most common cause of TBI is
8. Often the first signs of brain injury manifest themselves
a. in a coma
b. in impaired speech
c. in impaired vision
d. in impaired neuromotor fuctioning
9. Injuries to the lower back part of the head are
a. easily detected at the injury site
b. partially troublesome as they may set the stage for serious infections
c. easily treated at the injury site
d. none of the above
10. The first stage of intervention for traumatic brain injury involves
a. orienting the child, and delivering appropriate psychological interventions
b. treating swelling and bleeding, minimizing complications, and reducing the level of coma
c. checking for age-appropriate skills and behaviors
d. providing appropriate physical therapy
11. Many youth and adults return to their homes, schools, or employment settings
12. Unfortunately, many children and youth with brain injuries exit hospitals or rehabilitation settings
13. Educational intervention are directed at
14. Behavioral effects of TBI include
Chapter Fourteen
15. The meatus is
a. a cartilage structure on the side of the head
b. the eardrum
c. one of three ligaments
d. the external ear canal
16. The structure that extends between the throat and the middle ear cavity is the
a. eustachian tube
b. vestibular mechanism
c. Corti's organ
d. cochlea
17. The leading cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss is
a. meningitis
b. allergies
c. occupational noise
d. otitis media
18. The vestibular mechanism
a. translates vibration into nerve impulses
b. equalizes air pressure on the eardrum
c. collects sound
d. helps maintain balance
19. Which type of hearing loss results from poor conduction of sound along passages to the inner ear?
a. Mixed loss
b. Audioneural loss
c. Sensorineural loss
d. Conductive loss
20. Research on the intelligence of people with a hearing disorder suggests that
a. intellectual development is more a function of language development than of
cognitive ability
b. intellectual development is significantly delayed
c. patterns of intellectual development are inconsistent with the normal sequence
d. intellectual functioning of this population cannot be measured
21. Which academic area is most affected by a hearing loss?
a. Writing
b. Arithmetic
c. Reading
d. Science
22. What is the effect of a mild hearing loss on speech and language development?
a. Effects on speech and language are minimal.
b. Language is acquired through lip reading.
c. Sound production is low in intelligibility.
d. Language delays often result.
23. How many types of hereditary hearing loss are known?
a. 360
b. more than 200
c. 50
d. less than 100
24. Which postnatal infection, affecting the brain and spinal cord, is associated with severe hearing disorders in children?
a. Influenza
b. Bronchitis
c. Meningitis
d. Jaundice
25. In order to meet the needs of hearing impaired students, educational programs are becoming more
a. general
b. specialized
c. group oriented
d. individualized
26. The total communication approach to teaching employs
a. residual hearing and speech reading only
b. the isolated use of speech reading
c. sign language
d. a combination of communication approaches
27. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) defines deafness as a hearing
impairment which is so severe that
a. a child is unable to process linguistic information through hearing
b. a child cannot process information through hearing with or without amplification
c. a child’s educational performance is adversely affected
d. all of the above
28. The age of onset is critical in determining
a. the type of hearing loss
b. the amount of the individual’s residual hearing
c. the cause of a hearing loss
d. the type and extent of intervention necessary to minimize the effect of the hearing loss
29. A conductive hearing loss may result in
a. distorted pitches
b. reduction or loss of loudness
c. the inability to hear sounds of certain pitches
d. tinnitus
30. Which of the following types of hearing loss poses the greatest challenge for the individual in adequately communicating?
a. Congenital deafness
b. Acquired sensorineural loss
c. Otitis media
d. Acquired conductive loss
31. Of the 28 million people in the United States,
a. 45% are under the age of 17.is a powerful motivator
b. 11 million have irreversible hearing loss
c. women are more likely than men to have hearing loss
d. all of the above
32. In comparison to hearing peers, students with a hearing loss are in reading
achievement
a. below average in both areas
b. about the same in both areas
c. above average in both areas
d. virtually indistinguishable
33. In the area of social development, children with a hearing loss
a. appear to be less socially mature
b. are more assertive than individuals with normal hearing
c. exhibit significant behavior problems in the school environment
d. typically have high self-esteem
34. The delivery of educational services to students with hearing loss under Public Law 99-457 demonstrates an expanding emphasis on
a. early identification and intervention
b. separate facilities for students who are deaf
c. employment education
d. related medical services
Chapter Fifteen
15.48 The retina consists of light-sensitive cells that transmit an image to the brain by
means of
a. the optic nerve
b. visual cells
c. the iris
d. the cornea
15.49 The medical-legal definition of blindness includes references to
a. visual acuity and reading ability
b. light and motion detection
c. visual acuity and field of vision
d. light detection and field of vision
15.50 Educational definitions of blindness focus primarily on the student's ability to use
vision as
a. a means of controlling mobility
b. an avenue for increasing intelligence
c. the primary sense
d. an avenue for learning
15.51 What two components are essential to the success of an educational program for a
student with a visual impairment?
a. Speech and language training
b. Mobility and orientation training
c. Reading and listening comprehension services
d. Oral expression and handwriting
15.52 People with a vision loss
a. live a deprived socioecomonic and cultural existence
b. are incapable of learning many basic skills
c. can achieve independence and lead satisfying, productive lives
d. believe they are being punished for their sins
15.53 Disorders associated with the receptive structures of the eye occur when there is a
degeneration of or damage to the retina and the
a. cornea
b. iris
c. visual center
d. optic nerve
15.54 The only fair way to compare the intellectual capabilities of sighted and blind
children is on tasks on which the visual disorder does not interfere with
a. performance
b. mobility
c. reading
d. comprehension
15.55 Children who suffer a high degree of vision loss are at a distinct disadvantage in
developing speech and language skills because they are unable to visually associate
a. a word and the sentence containing it
b. a word with the object it represents
c. letters that form words
d. words and their meanings
15.56 A person is considered legally blind if the widest angle of his/her visual field is
limited to or less than
a. 10 degrees
b. 20 degrees
c. 30 degrees
d. 40 degrees
15.57 Children who are blind are generally two years older than sighted children in the
same grade. Which factor best explains the delayed academic progress of these children?
a. Lower intelligence of blind children.
b. Blind children often enter school at a later age.
c. Lessened mobility of blind children.
d. Heavy reliance on hearing by blind children.
15.58 A vision loss may affect fine motor coordination and interfere with the ability to
a. negotiate a classroom setting
b. develop intelligence
c. manipulate objects
d. read by using braille
15.59 Sensory compensation, the notion that blind people have superior senses other than
sight, is
a. empirically valid
b. empirically invalid
c. accepted as fact
d. a learned skill
15.60 Eric has 20/30 vision. This means that Eric
a. can see at twenty feet what a normally sighted person can see at thirty feet
b. can see at thirty feet what a normally sighted person can see at twenty feet
c. has a 20 degree field of vision
d. has a 30 degree field of vision
15.61 A person who is partially sighted
a. is unable to benefit from large print books and posters
b. is unable to use vision for learning
c. has visual acuity greater than 20/200, but not greater than 20/70 in the better eye after correction
d. all of the above
15.62 If an individual loses his/her sight after the age of five
a. the social development of the child will be significantly affected
b. a visual frame of reference may be maintained
c. academic achievement will not be affected
d. language development will be negatively affected
15.63 “Verbalisms” refers to
a. the use of too many verbs in a sentence
b. the excessive use of speech
c. the incorrect sequence of words in a sentence
d. the incorrect choice of verbs for intended meaning
15.64 Jason is having trouble reading instructions that are written on the blackboard. This
indicates that his teacher should
a. move Jason to the front of the room immediately
b. not require Jason to copy work from the board
c. schedule Jason for a visual screening test by the school nurse
d. suggest that Jason eat more carrots
15.65 Historically, most students who were blind received their education in
a. general education classrooms with supportive services
b. special education classrooms
c. residential facilities
d. their home
15.66 Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are capable of
a. balancing a checkbook
b. turning home appliances on and off
c. maintaining a daily appointment book
d. all of the above
Chapter Sixteen
16.26 People with cerebral palsy are often considered multihandicapped because
a. they often score below average on intelligence tests
b. their Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) are usually complex
c. they often have a variety of problems varying in degrees of severity
d. they are usually quadriplegic
16.27 Which type of seizure is characterized by brief periods of inattention, accompanied
by rapid eye blinking or head twitching?
a. Absence seizure
b. Tonic/clonic seizure
c. Grand mal seizure
d. Daydreaming
16.28 What happens to a person's physical condition as muscular dystrophy progresses?
a. Muscles tighten and become spastic.
b. Leg muscles are strengthened.
c. Muscle tissue atrophies and is gradually replaced by fatty tissue.
d. Bone tissue slowly weakens.
16.29 The socialization and career goals of those with physical disabilities are similar to
those of
a. people with mental retardation
b. people with learning disabilities
c. people with multiple disorders
d. their nondisabled peers
16.30 Most children with spina bifida who have no signs of hydrocephalus have
a. normal intelligence
b. abnormal behavior
c. no paralysis
d. no apparent disorder
16.31 A paralytic condition involving all four limbs or extremities is classified as
a. paraplegia
b. monoplegia
c. triplegia
d. quadriplegia
16.32 What is the first phase of treatment provided to a person who has suffered a spinal
cord injury?
a. Management of shock
b. Instruction in using residual muscle strength
c. Psychiatric treatment
d. Immobilization of the person
16.33 Which is responsible for half of all spinal cord injuries?
a. Motor vehicle accidents
b. Falls
c. Sports-related injuries
d. Injuries at birth
16.34 The IDEA uses the term to describe children with physical disabilities
a. physically impaired
b. orthopedically impaired
c. crippled
d. physically disabled
16.35 One of the major problems experienced by people with muscular dystrophy, which
16.36 A mild condition in which a very small slit is present in one or several of the
vertebral structures is
16.37 If a spinal cord injury occurs in the lower back, paralysis will usually be confined to the lower extremities. If the injury occurs in the neck or upper back, the resultant paralysis and effects will usually be
a. in the upper portion of the body
b. less extensive
c. much more extensive
d. negligible
16.38 Which professional is responsible for developing a student's physical skills?
a. A physical therapist
b. A massage therapist
c. A special education teacher
d. An orthopedist
16.39 Disordered metabolism, blindness, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease are all possible symptoms of
a. asthma
b. diabetes
c. cystic fibrosis
d. AIDS
16.40 Which of the following statements is true about cystic fibrosis?
a. It occurs as the result of an infection
b. It is a disorder of the secretion glands
c. It affects the kidneys, lungs and heart
d. It does not affect the digestive tract
16.41 Which condition causes blockage in microvascular channels that reduces or
terminates circulation, and kills tissues by depriving them of blood nutrients and oxygen?
a. AIDS
b. Asthma
c. Sickle cell anemia
d. Diabetes
16.42 Child abuse can be regarded
a. as a means of maladaptive coping by parents
b. as a primary function of poverty
c. as a primary outcome of substance abuse
d. as a primary function of serious psychiatric problems
16.43 Children with AIDS should attend school unless they
a. are subaverage in intellectual functioning
b. exhibit behaviors that are dangerous to others
c. cause fear and mistrust among students and teachers
d. choose not to attend
16.44 Which is advisable when speaking to a friend who is contemplating suicide?
a. End the conversation abruptly to show it's not an acceptable topic.
b. Talk freely but not about suicide.
c. Talk freely about suicide but don't use the word.
d. Talk freely about suicide and use the word.
16.45 Emily was involved in a skiing accident which resulted in paralysis on the
right side of her body. This condition is called
a. monoplegia
b. paraplegia
c. hemiplegia
d. quadriplegia
16.46 Cystic fibrosis is an inherited, systemic, generalized disease that begins at
a. birth
b. childhood
c. adolescence
d. conception
16.47 Education for children with cystic fibrosis should occur, in most instances, in a
a. special school
b. regular school setting
c. special education classroom
d. resource room
16.48 How can teachers and others help abused children make the adjustments necessary
for leading happy lives?
a. Provide highly structured educational and environmental settings.
b. Establish and maintain strict rules for the child.
c. Refer abused children to a school counselor.
d. Provide a stable, positive environment.
16.49 Suicide is generally a culmination of serious and numerous problems. Why do these problems lead to suicide for some adolescents?
a. They perceive the events as being serious; this is compounded by repeated failure to resolve problems.
b. Primarily hereditary factors triggered by certain events.
c. They experience sudden depression disorder.
d. They react impulsively to typical adolescent problems.
Chapter Seventeen
17.28 Grade skipping, condensed programs, rapid progress, and early entry to college are
examples of which educational approach for gifted students?
a. Special school
b. Enrichment
c. Acceleration
d. Career exploration
17.29 In order to realize their full intellectual and creative potential, gifted children need
a. to be separated from normal children
b. special education opportunities
c. constant verbal reinforcement
d. little stimulation
17.30 A conceptualization of giftedness proposed by Gagne centers on
a. catalysts that have both positive and negative impacts
b. a pyramid of talent development
c. two types of gifted individuals, performers, and producers
d. none of the above
17.31 What contributes to the presence of giftedness?
a. Heredity
b. Environmental factors
c. An interaction of innate ability and appropriate environmental stimulation
d. Neither heredity nor environmental factors
17.32 In pursuing various careers and professional options, gifted women may lack
a. adequate models or mentors
b. sufficient motivation
c. necessary talents and skills
d. support from peers
17.33 The availability of specialized educational services for those identified as gifted is
a. mandated by federal laws
b. found only in private schools
c. found only in special schools
d. not mandated by federal laws
17.34 Which contributes most to the difficulty of determining the prevalence of giftedness?
a. Variable results from testing
b. Variable definitions of giftedness
c. The eagerness of parents to have their children labeled gifted
d. Withdrawn behavior among gifted children
17.35 Capacities associated with creativity include
a. elaboration, transformation, and visualization
b. enumeration, transformation, and visualization
c. intellectualization, transformation, and visualization
d. all of the above
17.36 The first developmental assessment scale created by Binet in the early 1900’s was
used to identify
a. students who were gifted
b. students with specific learning needs
c. students who were mentally retarded
d. students with emotional problems
17.37 Given the present multifaceted definitions of giftedness, we must conclude that gifted people are
a. a homogeneous population
b. a heterogeneous population
c. easily identified
d. a large percentage of the population
17.38 The first step in identifying gifted people is generally known as
a. screening
b. selection
c. nomination
d. identification
17.39 Which basic criterion has been used historically to place students in gifted programs?
a. Achievement test scores
b. Mental age level
c. IQ score
d. Teacher nomination
17.40 Which educational approach is used most commonly in serving gifted students?
a. The special school
b. Enrichment
c. Acceleration
d. Career exploration
17.41 Currently, of the school population may be identified as gifted.
a. 3-5
b. 5-10
c. 3-20
d. 2-8
17.42 The identification process for giftedness is ideally directed at
a. creating standardized cut-off scores
b. giving multiple intelligence tests
c. identifying needs and potentials
d. using several creativity measures
17.43 Josh is an extremely bright third grade student who always finishes his work quickly, but accurately. When he has finished, he disturbs his classmates, refuses to stay in his seat, and is quite distracting. Josh’s teacher has never considered that he might be a gifted student. This might be true because teachers are more likely to identify students who are
a. bright, but not too disruptive
b. cooperative
c. attractive
d. motivated
17.44 The enrichment method for educating gifted students been criticized by professionals because
a. it is often used in a superficial fashion to placate parents who demand gifted
programming
b. enrichment activities are often devoted to educational trivia
c. enrichment programs often do not have well-delineated objectives
d. all of the above
17.45 According to Silverman, the most damaging aspect of the socialization of girls in
relation to giftedness is
a. society’s expectation that girls marry and raise children
b. society’s emphasis on glamour and femininity
c. society’s encouragement of dependence in females
d. society’s low expectations for females in mathematics and other related areas
17.46 The procedures used to identify disadvantaged children and youth who are gifted
includes
a. considering broader ranges of scores for inclusion in gifted programs
b. peer nomination
c. parent nomination
d. all of the above
17.47 Governors school” and specialized residential high schools provide valuable
experiences for gifted, talented, and creative individuals because
a. the curriculum is designed to accommodate individual aptitudes and interests
b. although faculty are not specifically trained to educate students who are gifted, they do attempt to motivate and stimulate students
c. it is preferable for high functioning secondary school students to interact only with individuals of the same ability level
d. all of the above
17.48 Females who are gifted experience the following problem(s)
a. fear of appearing unfeminine
b. stress induced by unrealistic work demands
c. self-imposed, excessively open expectations
d. all of the above
17.49 A factor that is essential in identifying giftedness in individuals with disabling
conditions is that
a. students must be given the opportunity to perform tasks that are identical to their nondisabled peers
b. tests used to measure mental ability must be specifically designed for use with
students with a disability
c. information about the student’s performance must be gathered from multiple sources
d. the family of the student with a disability must agree that their child shows signs of giftedness
17.50 Instructional programs for children and adolescents who are disadvantaged and gifted include
a. teachers who are well trained, who understand learning styles
b. teachers who capitalize on students’ interests
c. teachers who maximize students’ affective and cognitive capacities
d. all of the above