1. Define trauma (again). 
  2. Violence and atrocities are crimes of _____________ and _____________. 
  3. What does the author suggest is actually “out of the range of usual human experiences?” 
  4. What reason does Brave Heart suggest for the serious and widespread social problems among the Lakota Sioux? 
  5. What are the sources of the Lakota Sioux’s unresolved grief? 
  6. The Lakota Sioux have suffered many traumas in the distant past but there have been more recent traumas as well.  Identify two of the more recent traumas. 
  7. Who was the initial Lakota intervention designed by Brave Heart was used to treat?
  8. What did the Lakota intervention involve? 
  9. What made the Truth and Reconciliation Committee in South Africa different from previous truth commissions in other countries? 
  10. What does ubuntu mean? 
  11. What has research on PTSD shown is the first step towards healing? 
  12. The Truth and Reconciliation Committee helped victims reconnect to what? 
  13. How did the Truth and Reconciliation Committee help lessen the tendencies of White South Africans to practice dissociation, splitting and projective identification? 
  14. The Institute for Healing of Memories holds 3 day workshops that bring together former enemies, victims, by-standers and perpetrators.  What is the center of the workshop?
  15. What does forgiveness NOT mean (in the chapter)? 
  16. What does forgiveness mean (in the chapter)?  .
  17. What are reparations? 
  18. Since reparations cannot make up for what was done to the victims, what is the ultimate value of reparations and what factors make a difference? 
  19. In the few successful efforts at redress (reparation), who was the driving force behind the reparations? 
  20. Explain the process of doubling. 
  21. When someone is harmed in what seems to be an unjust manner, an inner process is set into motion whereby there is a compulsion to do what? 
  22. Describe two of the processes exacerbate and fuel interethnic hatred.
  23. Briefly describe the six stages of transformation in the Weissmark workshop with children of Holocaust survivors and children of Nazis.
  24. Weissmark suggests ___________________ for another person’s well-being can bring about a transformation. 
  25. What is the critical ingredient necessary for mutual understanding? 
  26. What needs to be focused on in order to increase the likelihood of sharing significant and impactful information?
  27. Empathy is more likely to occur when members can do what? 
  28. Unpredictability in the behavior of culturally different clients may be perceived by the inexperienced counselor through ________________.
  29. Complete activity 1 on page 196