1. According to Grier and Cobbs, what leads to a perpetual risk for African Americans to develop serious physical and emotional disorders?
2. What is the ultimate consequence described by Grier and Cobb? 
3. What do Clients of Color consistently avoid, even when there is significant need?
4. Explain the terms “identity” and “ethnic identity.” 
5. What goes into ethnic identity formation?
6. Explain the three ways ethnic identity can be categorized, including other terms used to describe these states.
7. Explain Cross’s five stages of racial identity development, including the counseling needs that Clients of Color might have at these various stages. 
8. Define acculturation and explain why it is important to understand acculturation in working with culturally different populations in this country.
9. In some ethnic communities, biculturalism is not seen as a virtue.  Explain why
10. Explain Marin’s three levels of acculturation.
11. What is the most common and problematic consequence of acculturation?
12. What is it critical to be familiar with in regards to the groups and subgroups of which your client is a member? 
13. With acculturation and assimilation, the ability of a community to protect the individual is weakened; what is likely to be counterproductive in this situation?
14. Being without resources and the perpetual object of discrimination makes life more __________________ and increases the risk of ____________, ____________ and _________________.
15. What are the four major symptom groups associated with trauma?
16. Which type of trauma, natural disasters or trauma created by other human beings, tends to be more debilitating?  Why?
17. The suggestion of creating a diagnosis of “historic trauma” reflects what belief and research?
18. In terms of substance use and abuse, with the exception of Native American youth, young Whites have the highest rate of use.  However, what happens when ethnic groups acculturate?
19. Why do youth of color, who may have lower rates of substance use, experience more health and behavioral problems when they do use?
20. What is the rate of alcoholism among Native American youth, as compared to the national average?  
21. Which community is particularly exploited by the alcohol industry through excessive advertising and sales outlets?
22. What increased dramatically with acculturation among Latino/a youth?
23. Which youth group is particularly susceptible to peer influence in drug and alcohol use?
24. What is necessary for there to be any hope of recovering from substance abuse among Native American youth?
25. Complete activity one on page 135 and write about this experience.