From: Study Guide for Hardman, Drew, and Egan’s Human Exceptionality, Society, School, and Family, Seventh Edition prepared by Keith W. Allred, Nevada Department of Education
9.51 Which are the three major components of the AAMR definition of mental
retardation?
a. Adaptive skills, age of onset, and physical ability
b. Medical condition, hereditary factors, and intelligence
c. Intelligence, adaptive skills, and prenatal history
d. Intelligence, adaptive skills, and age of onset
9.52 The 1992 AAMR definition of mental retardation places emphasis on
a. the role of chromosomal abnormalities as a casual factor
b. incurability of the condition
c. intellectual dysfunction as a primary indicator of mental retardation
d. intensity of needed supports for family, school and community living
9.53 Which of the classification systems discussed in the text have traditionally used the term trainable mentally retarded?
a. Severity of the condition
b. Educability expectation
c. Medical descriptors
d. Adaptive skill expectations
9.54 What is the primary characteristic of mental retardation?
a. Intellectual deficiency
b. Maladaptive functioning
c. Physical impairment
d. Bizarre speech
9.55 In motivating students with mental retardation, Dever and Knapczyk (1997) suggested
a. changing the objective
b. rewarding the learner for doing what they’re supposed to do
c. developing a different activity that is more inherently motivating
d. All of the above
9.56 One major goal of an education program for adolescents with mental retardation is
a. increasing academic performance
b. enhancing communication skills
c. participating in family counseling
d. increasing personal independence
9.57 The principle of normalization states that individuals with mental retardation
a. must be offered the same educational opportunities as nondisabled students
through the process of mainstreaming
b. must have opportunities available to them in everyday life that are as close as
possible to those available to nondisabled people
c. must participate in segregated special school programs to benefit from highly
individualized educational opportunities
d. must seek employment immediately upon leaving high school
9.58 Which is an example of teaching functional academic skills to students with mental
retardation?
a. Teaching words that are often encountered in the environment
b. Teaching math skills through drilling exercises
c. Teaching a basic academic curriculum
d. Teaching words that are found only in school textbooks
9.59 Social skills training emphasizes the importance of
a. using appropriate communication
b. learning problem-solving
c. decision making skills
d. all of the above
9.60 Which of the following statements regarding Phenylketonuria (PKU) is true?
a. PKU causes minimal damage to the central nervous system
b. Mental retardation can be prevented if PKU is treated promptly
c. Mental retardation caused by PKU may be reversed through surgery
d. PKU cannot be treated until the infant is at least 12 months old
9.61 Which condition is caused by excessive use of alcohol by a pregnant mother?
a. Down syndrome
b. Hydrocephalus
c. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
d. Neurofibromatosis
9.62 Mario needs continual daily support in at least some environments, including work and
home. To be effective, these supports must not be time-limited. AAMR would classify Mario’s
required supports as
a. intermittent
b. limited
c. extensive
d. pervasive
9.63 A term that best denotes effectiveness with which a person with mental retardation
is able to manage his or her own behavior is
a. learned helplessness
b. self-advocacy
c. self-concept
d. self-regulation
9.64 In general, the weakest academic area for students who are mentally retarded is
a. math computation
b. reading comprehension
c. spelling
d. handwriting
9.65 “No matter how hard I try I will not succeed” is a statement closely associated with
which of the following terms?
a. Outer-directed behavior
b. Underdeveloped self-concept
c. Learned helplessness
d. Self-determination
9.66 Non-institutionalized people in the United States constitute
a. the fastest growing segment of the population
b. about 6.6 million people or about 3% of the population
c. about 1.9 million people or about .78% of the population
d. about 7.5 million people, or about 5% of the population
10.40 An example of a language disorder is
a. stuttering b. aphasia
c. cluttering d. infantile preservation
10.41 Which component of communication involves memory, learning, message
reception and processing, and expressive skills?
a. Articulation
b. Receptive language
c. Speech
d. Language
10.42 The largest category of all speech disorders is
a. articulation disorders
b. stuttering
c. malocclusion
d. aphasia
10.43 Functional articulation disorders are generally thought to be caused by
a. faulty learning
b. physical deformity
c. brain dysfunction
d. hereditary factors
10.44 Approaches to voice disorder treatment depend on
a. the person's wishes
b. the teacher's plans
c. the parent's feelings
d. causation
10.45 Children with receptive language problems are often recognized as having a
problem when they fail to
a. learn to read
b. follow directions given by adults
c. learn to speak
d. respond to loud noises
10.46 The interchange of ideas, opinions or facts between senders and receivers is
referred to as
a. communication
b. talking
c. speech
d. language
10.47 Which of the following is an example of speech without language?
a. Using sign language
b. Using a communication board
c. Training a bird to talk
d. Writing a note
10.48 Many articulation problems evident in young children are developmental, and
speech may improve with
a. drug therapy
b. age
c. surgery
d. punishment
10.49 In a language disorder, the sequence of development is
a. interrupted b. intact
c. irrelevant d. delayed
10.50 ______________ is concerned with the form and internal structure of words (e.g.
past tense singular form).
a. Morphology
b. Syntax
c. Semantics
d. Pragmatics
10.51 Which term denotes the rules governing sentence structure?
a. Syntax
b. Morphology
c. Semantics
d. Phonology
10.52 Which category of speech disorders is characterized by repeated interruptions,
hesitations, or repetitions that interrupt the flow of communication?
a. Articulation disorders
b. Delayed speech
c. Voice disorders
d. Fluency disorder
10.53 Which statement best describes the interaction between communication, language,
and speech?
a. Each component exists in isolation.
b. The development of these components overlaps.
c. Communication includes the components of speech and language.
d. Speech does not involve language.
10.54 Between three and six months of age, babies begin to do which of the following?
a. Echo all sounds
b. Say their first words
c. Show pleasure through cooing
d. Babble
10.55 Treatment approaches for people who stutter have increasingly focused on
a. counseling
b. biofeedback
c. relaxation
d. direct behavioral therapy
10.56 Functional articulation disorders are distinguished from structural disorders by
a. the presence of brain damage with functional disorders
b. the fact that functional disorders are easier to treat
c. the lack of physical deformities with functional disorders
d. the severity of the disorders
10.57 An oral malformation which causes a reduced division of the nasal and mouth
cavities is known as a/an
a. cleft palate
b. absent larynx
c. overbite
d. jaw misalignment
10.58 When the pitch, loudness and quality of a person’s speech interferes with the
listener’s attention to the message, the person may be experiencing a/an
a. articulation disorder
b. voice disorder
c. fluency disorder
d. speech disorder
10.59 About what percentage of those receiving services through I.D.E.A. were
classified as speech or language impaired in 1995-1996?
a. 13%
b. 17%
c. 19%
d. 28%
10.60 Receptive language disorders are characterized by difficulties in
a. hearing what others say
b. using spoken language
c. formulating language
d. comprehending what others say
10.61 Students who repeatedly use the same words in a variety of situations may be experiencing
what type of disorder?
a. Receptive language disorder
b. Expressive language disorder
c. Articulation disorder
d. Voice disorder
10.62 Delayed speech is most associated with which of the following?
a. Hearing impairment
b. Regressed growth of the Vermis
c. Gonadal dysplacia
d. Developmental inconsistency physical type
11.30 Which of the following is not a disability category under IDEA?
a. Multiple disabilities
b. Deafness-blindness
c. Severe disabilities
d. Autism
11.31 Dual diagnosis involves persons who
a. have mental retardation and emotional disturbance
b. vision loss and learning disabilites
c. hearing loss and cerebral palsy
d. autism and other health impairments
11.32 Dual sensory impairments involves people who have:
a. mental retardation as a primary symptom
b. mental retardation and serious emotional disturbance
c. severe communication deficits
d. cerebral palsy and Deafness
11.33 For students with severe disabilities, educators need to build upon which of the
following assumptions?
a. Learning is highly unlikely and the focus should be care and management
b. There are few similarities between these students and their typical peers
c. Life functioning seldom improves
d. None of the above
11.34 Effective programs for infants and toddlers with severe and multiple disabilities are
a. always facility-bases.
b. characterized by removing the child from the family
c. child and family-centered
d. child centered with limited family involvement
11.35 Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) emphasizes
a. age-appropriate child exploration and play
b. academic curricula
c. instruction consistent with the mental age of the child
d none of the above.
11.36 Quality programs for elementary-age students with severe disabilities are
characterized by
a. taking into account student preferences and needs
b. limited parent involvement
c. isolated skill development
d. all of the above
11.37 Which is used to analyze a student’s individual strengths and weaknesses in
different areas, and to indicate the difference between performance areas?
a. Interindividual assessment
b. Intrainindividual assessment
c. Norm-referenced assessment
d. Standardized assessment
11.38 Which of the following is an example of assistive technology?
a. Wheelchair
b. Assistance in choosing and using a wheelchair
c. Computers
d. All of the above
11.39 Genetic engineering may be seen as a means to
a. perfect human beings
b. conquer disease
c. reducing human suffering
d. all of the above
11.40 The role of genetic counselor is to
a. be a moral advisor
b. remain neutral and give information
c. communicate personal beliefs
d. all of the above
11.41 The definition of severe disabilities proposed by The Association for Persons with
Severe Handicaps (TASH) focuses on
a. adaptive fit
b. children between the ages of birth and 21 years of age
c. the need for intermittent supports
d. all of the above
11.42 Professionals have perceived that concomitant visual and hearing loss may result in
a. functional retardation
b. average intelligence with severe communication deficits
c. the lack of ability to initiate or respond to appropriate interactions with others
d. all of the above
11.43 By definition individuals with serious emotional disturbance are
a. also severely mentally retarded
b. not retarded
c. both retarded and learning disabled
d. retarded with concomitant physical disabilities
11.44 Most severe and multiple disabilities are evident
a. in utero
b. at birth
c. within the first five years of life
d. upon entering grade school
11.45 Successful efforts to include students with severe and multiple disabilities utilize
a. highly trained teachers
b. systematic organization of opportunities for interaction
c. specific instruction to increase the competence of students with severe
disabilities
d. all of the above
11.46 The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to
a. determine the sequence of the 3 billion chemical base pairs in DNA
b. provide information so that parents would know when selective abortion
was appropriate
c. enable genetic counseling to be completely objective
d. facilitate the development of genetic engineering to perfect human life
12.20 The APA estimates the prevalence of autism as about _____ cases per 10,000.
a. 11 to 15 b. 5 c. 10 to 14 d. 2 to 4
12.21 Many children with autism exhibit low intellectual function, with about
percent of them having measured IQs below 70.
a. 90 b. 75 c. 60 d. 50
12.22 One quality that students with autism often possess that may be used to advantage
by teachers and therapists is
a. their ability to perseverate
b. their splinter skills
c. their echolalia
d. their enjoyment of routine
12.23 One suspected cause of autism is fragile-X syndrome, which is a condition involving
a. central nervous system damage or impairment
b. damage to the chromosome structure
c. stereotyped self-stimulation
d. restricted behavioral repertoires
12.24 According to the text, it is vital that an IEP for a student with autism have a
central component of
a. communication and social skills
b. mobility and orientation training
c. long term memory and neurological development
d. verbal and reasoning skills
12.25 Many high-functioning students with autism who have some language interpret
speech literally; therefore, it is important for teachers to avoid
a. telling or reading fairy tales
b. expressing strong feelings
c. slang, idioms, and sarcasm
d. ethnic jokes
12.26 Facilitated communication, a controversial treatment for people with autism, has
emphasized
a. involvement of parents
b. self-directed behavior management
c. improving survival skills
d. the therapist providing physical support
12.27 The label autism was taken from the Greek autos, to reflect these individuals,
a. robot-like mannerisms
b. quick and rigid patterns of movement
c. extreme self-absorptions, detachment from the world around them
d. intense fear of automobiles
12.28 The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 includes in the
characteristics of autism
a. engagement in repetitive
b. serious emotional disturbance
c. desire for change in daily routines
d. co-dependency
12.29 Children and youths with autism are frequently described as
a. being a nuisance around strangers
b. forming attachments to people
c. being extremely sensitive to others
d. avoiding direct eye contact
12.30 The description resistant to change refers to an individual who
a. does not like the furniture to be arranged in the same manner for extended time periods
b. pays attention to the exact route taken when driving to school
c. likes to try different clothing ensembles
d. hates to carry change and prefers dollar bills
12.31 The school performance of students with autism may be described as
a. uneven within and between skill areas
b. consistent
c. focused on general concepts
d. static
12.32 Under the I.D.E.A., students with autism are entitled to a free and appropriate education in a:
a. special school
b. regular education classroom
c. separate classroom
d. least restrictive environment
12.33 Behavioral treatment has been used effectively for
a. curing behavior problems
b. curing autism
c. teaching language development and social skills
d. teaching social studies and composition
12.44 Which of the following characteristics may suggest to parents that their infant has autism?
a. intense need for physical contact
b. extreme staring at others
c. rigid when held
d. excessive random crying
12.45 Echolalia refers to speech patterns in which the youngster
a. repeats back only what has been said to them
b. responds to questions which have been repeated several times
c. responds to individuals who they see repeatedly
d. emotionally echoes words in a high-pitched voice
12.46 Sometimes, people with autism who develop language
a. are reflective in their responses
b. use rapid and emotional speech patterns
c. have a diverse speaking repertoire
d. appear to use speech as self stimulation